Specification of Activated carbon for ACF of water treatment plant

Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated carbon is widely used for various applications due to its high surface area and adsorption properties. Here's a brief description of activated carbon and its activation process

Activated Carbon: 1. Source: • Activated carbon is typically derived from carbonaceous materials like coconut shells, peat, wood, lignite, or coal. 2. Activation Process: • Physical Activation: Carbonaceous materials are heated in the presence of a gas that does not react with the material, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or steam. This process removes volatile components and increases the porosity of the carbon. • Chemical Activation: The carbonaceous material is impregnated with an activating agent, usually an acid or base, and then heated. This process creates a more porous structure. 3. Surface Area and Pore Structure: • Activated carbon has a large surface area due to the presence of numerous micropores and mesopores. This high surface area allows it to adsorb a wide range of substances. 4. Adsorption Properties: • Activated carbon is known for its adsorption capacity, meaning it can attract and retain molecules on its surface. This property makes it useful for various applications, including water purification, air filtration, and industrial processes. 5. Applications: • Water Treatment: Used to remove impurities, organic contaminants, and pollutants from water. • Air Purification: Used in air filters to remove odors, gases, and particulate matter. • Medical Applications: Used in emergency poison treatment to adsorb toxins. • Industrial Processes: Employed in various industries for purification and separation processes.

Activated Carbon: 1. Source: • Activated carbon is typically derived from carbonaceous materials like coconut shells, peat, wood, lignite, or coal. 2. Activation Process: • Physical Activation: Carbonaceous materials are heated in the presence of a gas that does not react with the material, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or steam. This process removes volatile components and increases the porosity of the carbon. • Chemical Activation: The carbonaceous material is impregnated with an activating agent, usually an acid or base, and then heated. This process creates a more porous structure. 3. Surface Area and Pore Structure: • Activated carbon has a large surface area due to the presence of numerous micropores and mesopores. This high surface area allows it to adsorb a wide range of substances. 4. Adsorption Properties: • Activated carbon is known for its adsorption capacity, meaning it can attract and retain molecules on its surface. This property makes it useful for various applications, including water purification, air filtration, and industrial processes. 5. Applications: • Water Treatment: Used to remove impurities, organic contaminants, and pollutants from water. • Air Purification: Used in air filters to remove odors, gases, and particulate matter. • Medical Applications: Used in emergency poison treatment to adsorb toxins. • Industrial Processes: Employed in various industries for purification and separation processes. 6. Types of Activated Carbon: • Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC), Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): Used in water treatment. • Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF): Used in air and gas purification. Properties of activated carbon Sr no parameters Requirement Appearance : Black Angular Granules % Fixed carbon : 90 % ASH % : 7.0 % Average Specific gravity : 1.4 to 1.5 Bulk density (gm/v) : 0.72 to 0.74 Hardness : 3.0 PH : Alkaline Uniform coefficient : 1.5 to 1.8 Mesh size of s–BSS Series Greater than 6.0-10.0 mesh % less than 10.0 – 16.0 %mesh