.Analysis of TSP (Tri sodium phosphate)

Tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) is a chemical compound with the formula Na₃PO₄. It is a white, granular or crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. TSP has various applications, and its analysis involves examining its chemical composition, purity, and physical properties.

1. Chemical Analysis: This involves determining the concentration of sodium and phosphate ions in the TSP sample. Techniques such as titration, spectrophotometry, or ion chromatography can be employed for accurate chemical analysis.

Sample: laboratory reagent – TSP IUPAC Name –Tri sodium phosphate Molar Mass -163.94 gm/mole Melting point -1583 Density: 1.62 g/cm³ Appearance : snow white, crystalline material. % Purity : 40 – 43 % Reagents for testing :- • Bacl2 –10% solution • phenolphthalein indicator – 0.1gm-50 ml water ( 60 ml rectified spirit) • standard solution of HCL -0.1N • Phenyl alcohol (phenol) • Methyl red indicator-0.015 gm in 50 ml water. • NaoH solution- 1N. 4Methyl orange indicator- 0.01% solution • AgNO3 – 5% solution Procedure:- Weight accurately about 5.0 gm Pre-dried material sample and dissolved in distilled water and make up in 250 ml volumetric flask. A] Transfer 25 ml of above filtrate (solution) in conical flask and add 40-50 ml. Bacl2 Solution so that all phosphate and carbonate are precipitated. Add 2.0 to 3.0 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against hydrochloric acid (0.1N) until color disappear. End point will be colorless. That will be assume as = V1. B] Take 25.0 ml of above (filtrate) solution into conical flask .Add 1.0 to 2.0 drops of methyl orange indicator and titrate against (0.1 N) hydrochloric acid solution until get light pink color. End points will be light pink coloration obtain. That is assume as V2. C] In V2 add sufficient AgNO3 solution 50% (30 to 40 ml until the phosphate get precipitated & also sufficiently more solution added) Add 2.0 ml of Phenyl alcohol (Phenol) to coagulates all the precipitated. Add 0.5 ml methyl red indicator and titrate against NaOH solution.(1.0 N) The end point will be red to yellow coloration. It will be assume as V3 Calculation:- 1) Phosphate as P2O 5% by mass = V3 X 3.55 M 2] Free NaOH % by mass-= V1 X 4.0 M 3] Carbonate (AS NaC03) % by mass = ( V2-V3-V1) X 5.3 M Where m is mass in grams of material taken for test. It's important to note that while TSP has benefits in power generation, its use requires careful consideration of dosage and monitoring to avoid potential issues and to comply with environmental and safety regulations.